Reference Formatting (Chicago Style)

Citing sources accurately using Chicago Manual of Style.

Standard Style: GYSJ requires all citations and reference lists to be formatted according to the Chicago Manual of Style.

Primary Source Focus

Prioritize peer-reviewed journal articles, scientific books, and official institutional datasets. Avoid citing non-academic blogs, general encyclopedias, or unverified web posts.

Formatting Examples

1. Peer-Reviewed Journal Article

Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Journal Name Volume, no. Issue (Year): Page Range. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxx

Example:
Smith, Jane, and John Doe. "Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy." Journal of Biomedical Research 45, no. 3 (2024): 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbr.2024.02.008

2. Book or Book Chapter

Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Edition. City of Publication: Publisher, Year.

Example:
Franklin, Rosalind. Molecular Structures of Nucleic Acids. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press, 2022.

3. Online Database or Scientific Report

Organization / Author. "Report Title." Organization Name. Publication Date. Accessed Date. https://url

Example:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. "Global Temperature Anomalies 2025." NASA Earth Observatory. Updated January 15, 2026. Accessed August 1, 2026. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/stats

In-Text Citation Rules

Single Author: (Smith 2024) or Smith (2024)
Two Authors: (Smith and Doe 2024)
Three or More Authors: Use the first author followed by et al.: (Smith et al. 2024)
URLs & DOIs: Every online reference in the reference list MUST include a full, working URL or DOI starting with https://.